Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing importance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Thes

Polymer composites reinforced using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) demonstrate significant enhancements in mechanical properties. The incorporation of CNTs, due to their exceptional strength, can lead to a substantial elevation in the composite's tensile strength, modulus, and impact resistance. This augmentation stems from the synergistic combination bet